一个拥有良好的设计能力的工程师,写出的一个函数的代码也许不是最好的,但是写一个组件或者一个软件,其代码质量一般都是非常不错的。
一个缺乏良好的设计能力的工程师,写出的一个函数的代码也许是非常不错的,但是写一个组件或者一个软件时,其代码质量通常都会存在各种各样的问题。 » 阅读更多: design能力与代码质量
日志标签 ‘编码’
design能力与代码质量
2008年9月9日CodePage简介
2005年10月27日1. Codepage的定义和历史
字符内码(charcter code)指的是用来代表字符的内码.读者在输入和存储文档时都要使用内码,内码分为
- 单字节内码 — Single-Byte character sets (SBCS),可以支持256个字符编码.
- 双字节内码 — Double-Byte character sets)(DBCS),可以支持65000个字符编码.主要用来对大字符集的东方文字进行编码.
codepage 指的是一个经过挑选的以特定顺序排列的字符内码列表,对于早期的单字节内码的语种,codepage中的内码顺序使得系统
可以按照此列表来根据键盘的输入值给出一个对应的内码.对于双字节内码,则给出的是MultiByte到Unicode的对应表,这样就可以把
以Unicode形式存放的字符转化为相应的字符内码,或者反之,在Linux核心中对应的函数就是utf8_mbtowc和utf8_wctomb. ……1. Codepage的定义和历史
字符内码(charcter code)指的是用来代表字符的内码.读者在输入和存储文档时都要使用内码,内码分为
- 单字节内码 — Single-Byte character sets (SBCS),可以支持256个字符编码.
- 双字节内码 — Double-Byte character sets)(DBCS),可以支持65000个字符编码.主要用来对大字符集的东方文字进行编码.
codepage 指的是一个经过挑选的以特定顺序排列的字符内码列表,对于早期的单字节内码的语种,codepage中的内码顺序使得系统
可以按照此列表来根据键盘的输入值给出一个对应的内码.对于双字节内码,则给出的是MultiByte到Unicode的对应表,这样就可以把
以Unicode形式存放的字符转化为相应的字符内码,或者反之,在Linux核心中对应的函数就是utf8_mbtowc和utf8_wctomb.
在1980年前,仍然没有任何国际标准如ISO-8859或Unicode来定义如何扩展US-ASCII编码以便非英语国家的用户使用.很多IT 厂商发明了他们自己的编码,并且使用了难以记忆的数目来标识:
例如936代表简体中文. 950代表繁体中文.
1.1 CJK Codepage
同 Extended Unix Coding ( EUC )编码大不一样的是,下面所有的远东 codepage 都利用了C1控制码 { =80..=9F } 做为首字节, 使用ASCII值 { =40..=7E { 做为第二字节,这样才能包含多达数万个双字节字符,这表明在这种编码之中小于3F的ASCII值不一定代表ASCII字符.
CP932
Shift-JIS包含日本语 charset JIS X 0201 (每个字符一个字节) 和 JIS X 0208 (每个字符两个字节),所以 JIS X 0201平假名包含一个字节半宽的字符,其剩馀的60个字节被用做7076个汉字以及648个其他全宽字符的首字节.同EUC-JP编码区别的是, Shift-JIS没有包含JIS X 202中定义的5802个汉字.
CP936
GBK 扩展了 EUC-CN 编码( GB 2312-80编码,包含 6763 个汉字)到Unicode (GB13000.1-93)中定义的20902个汉字,中国大陆使用的是简体中文zh_CN.
CP949
UnifiedHangul (UHC) 是韩文 EUC-KR 编码(KS C 5601-1992 编码,包括2350 韩文音节和 4888 个汉字a)的超集,包含 8822个附加的韩文音节( 在C1中 )
CP950
是代替EUC-TW (CNS 11643-1992)的 Big5 编码(13072 繁体 zh_TW 中文字) 繁体中文,这些定义都在Ken Lunde的 CJK.INF中或者 Unicode 编码表中找到.
注意: Microsoft采用以上四种Codepage,因此要访问Microsoft的文件系统时必需采用上面的Codepage .
1.2 IBM的远东语言Codepage
IBM的Codepage分为SBCS和DBCS两种:
IBM SBCS Codepage
IBM DBCS Codepage
将SBCS的Codepage和DBCS的Codepage混合起来就成为: IBM MBCS Codepage
*代表采用EBCDIC编码格式
由此可见,Mircosoft的CJK Codepage来源于IBM的Codepage.
2. Linux下Codepage的作用
在Linux下引入对Codepage的支持主要是为了访问FAT/VFAT/FAT32/NTFS/NCPFS等文件系统下的多语种文件名的问题,目前在NTFS和FAT32/VFAT下的文件系统上都使用了Unicode,这就需要系统在读取这些文件名时动态将其转换为相应的语言编码.因此引入了NLS支持.其相应的程序文件在/usr/src/linux/fs/nls下:
- Config.in
- Makefile
- nls_base.c
- nls_cp437.c
- nls_cp737.c
- nls_cp775.c
- nls_cp850.c
- nls_cp852.c
- nls_cp855.c
- nls_cp857.c
- nls_cp860.c
- nls_cp861.c
- nls_cp862.c
- nls_cp863.c
- nls_cp864.c
- nls_cp865.c
- nls_cp866.c
- nls_cp869.c
- nls_cp874.c
- nls_cp936.c
- nls_cp950.c
- nls_iso8859-1.c
- nls_iso8859-15.c
- nls_iso8859-2.c
- nls_iso8859-3.c
- nls_iso8859-4.c
- nls_iso8859-5.c
- nls_iso8859-6.c
- nls_iso8859-7.c
- nls_iso8859-8.c
- nls_iso8859-9.c
- nls_koi8-r.c
实现了下列函数:
- extern int utf8_mbtowc(__u16 *, const __u8 *, int);
- extern int utf8_mbstowcs(__u16 *, const __u8 *, int);
- extern int utf8_wctomb(__u8 *, __u16, int);
- extern int utf8_wcstombs(__u8 *, const __u16 *, int);
这样在加载相应的文件系统时就可以用下面的参数来设置Codepage:
对于Codepage 437 来说
mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/1 -o codepage=437,iocharset=cp437
这样在Linux下就可以正常访问不同语种的长文件名了.
3. Linux下支持的Codepage
4. 简体中文GBK/繁体中文Big5的Codepage
如何制作简体中文GBK/繁体中文Big5的Codepage?
- 从 Unicode 组织取得GBK/Big5的Unicode的定义.
由于GBK是基于ISO 10646-1:1993标准的,而相应的日文是JIS X 0221-1995,韩文是KS C 5700-1995,他们被提交到Unicode标准的时间表为:
Unicode Version 1.0
Unicode Version 1.1 <-> ISO 10646-1:1993, JIS X 0221-1995, GB 13000.1-93
Unicode Version 2.0 <-> KS C 5700-1995
从Windows 95开始均采用GBK编码. 您需要的是 CP936.TXT和 BIG5.TXT
- 然后使用下面的程序就可以将其转化为Linux核心需要的Unicode<->GBK码表
./genmap BIG5.txt | perl uni2big5.pl./genmap CP936.txt | perl uni2gbk.pl
- 再修改fat/vfat/ntfs的相关函数就可以完成对核心的修改工作. 具体使用时可以使用下面的命令:
有趣的是,由于GBK包含了全部的GB2312/Big5/JIS的内码,所以使用936的Codepage也可以显示Big5的文件名.
5. 附录
5.1 作者和相关文档
制作codepage950支持的是台湾的 cosmos先生, 主页为 http://www.cis.nctu.edu.tw:8080/~is84086/Project/kernel_cp950/
制作GBK的cp936支持的是TurboLinux的中文研发小组的 方汉和 陈向阳
5.2 genmap
#!/bin/sh
cat $1 | awk ‘{if(index($1,”#”)==0)print $0}’ | awk ‘BEGIN{FS=”0x”}{print $2 $3}’ |
awk ‘{if(length($1)==length($2))print $1,$2}’
5.3 uni2big5.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
@code = (
“00″, “01″, “02″, “03″, “04″, “05″, “06″, “07″,
“08″, “09″, “0A”, “0B”, “0C”, “0D”, “0E”, “0F”,
“10″, “11″, “12″, “13″, “14″, “15″, “16″, “17″,
“18″, “19″, “1A”, “1B”, “1C”, “1D”, “1E”, “1F”,
“20″, “21″, “22″, “23″, “24″, “25″, “26″, “27″,
“28″, “29″, “2A”, “2B”, “2C”, “2D”, “2E”, “2F”,
“30″, “31″, “32″, “33″, “34″, “35″, “36″, “37″,
“38″, “39″, “3A”, “3B”, “3C”, “3D”, “3E”, “3F”,
“40″, “41″, “42″, “43″, “44″, “45″, “46″, “47″,
“48″, “49″, “4A”, “4B”, “4C”, “4D”, “4E”, “4F”,
“50″, “51″, “52″, “53″, “54″, “55″, “56″, “57″,
“58″, “59″, “5A”, “5B”, “5C”, “5D”, “5E”, “5F”,
“60″, “61″, “62″, “63″, “64″, “65″, “66″, “67″,
“68″, “69″, “6A”, “6B”, “6C”, “6D”, “6E”, “6F”,
“70″, “71″, “72″, “73″, “74″, “75″, “76″, “77″,
“78″, “79″, “7A”, “7B”, “7C”, “7D”, “7E”, “7F”,
“80″, “81″, “82″, “83″, “84″, “85″, “86″, “87″,
“88″, “89″, “8A”, “8B”, “8C”, “8D”, “8E”, “8F”,
“90″, “91″, “92″, “93″, “94″, “95″, “96″, “97″,
“98″, “99″, “9A”, “9B”, “9C”, “9D”, “9E”, “9F”,
“A0″, “A1″, “A2″, “A3″, “A4″, “A5″, “A6″, “A7″,
“A8″, “A9″, “AA”, “AB”, “AC”, “AD”, “AE”, “AF”,
“B0″, “B1″, “B2″, “B3″, “B4″, “B5″, “B6″, “B7″,
“B8″, “B9″, “BA”, “BB”, “BC”, “BD”, “BE”, “BF”,
“C0″, “C1″, “C2″, “C3″, “C4″, “C5″, “C6″, “C7″,
“C8″, “C9″, “CA”, “CB”, “CC”, “CD”, “CE”, “CF”,
“D0″, “D1″, “D2″, “D3″, “D4″, “D5″, “D6″, “D7″,
“D8″, “D9″, “DA”, “DB”, “DC”, “DD”, “DE”, “DF”,
“E0″, “E1″, “E2″, “E3″, “E4″, “E5″, “E6″, “E7″,
“E8″, “E9″, “EA”, “EB”, “EC”, “ED”, “EE”, “EF”,
“F0″, “F1″, “F2″, “F3″, “F4″, “F5″, “F6″, “F7″,
“F8″, “F9″, “FA”, “FB”, “FC”, “FD”, “FE”, “FF”);
while (){
($unicode, $big5) = split;
($high, $low) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
$table2{$high}{$low} = $big5;
($high, $low) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
$table{$high}{$low} = $unicode;
}
print </*
* linux/fs/nls_cp874.c
*
* Charset cp874 translation tables.
* Generated automatically from the Unicode and charset
* tables from the Unicode Organization (www.unicode.org).
* The Unicode to charset table has only exact mappings.
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
/* A1 – F9*/
static struct nls_unicode charset2uni[(0xF9-0xA1+1)*(0x100-0x60)] = {
EOF
for ($high=0xA1; $high <= 0xF9; $high++){
for ($low=0×40; $low <= 0×7F; $low++){
$unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$unicode = “0000″ if (!(defined $unicode));
print “\n\t” if ($low%4 == 0);
print “/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t” if ($low%0×10 == 0);
($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, “, $ulow, $uhigh);
}
for ($low=0xA0; $low <= 0xFF; $low++){
$unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$unicode = “0000″ if (!(defined $unicode));
print “\n\t” if ($low%4 == 0);
print “/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t” if ($low%0×10 == 0);
($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, “, $ulow, $uhigh);
}
}
print “\n};\n\n”;
for ($high=1; $high <= 255;$high++){
if (defined $table{$code[$high]}){
print “static unsigned char page$code[$high]\[512\] = {\n\t”;
for ($low=0; $low<=255;$low++){
$big5 = $table{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$big5 = “3F3F” if (!(defined $big5));
if ($low > 0 && $low%4 == 0){
printf(“/* 0x%02X-0x%02X */\n\t”, $low-4, $low-1);
}
print “\n\t” if ($low == 0×80);
($bhigh, $blow) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“0x%2s, 0x%2s, “, $bhigh, $blow);
}
print “/* 0xFC-0xFF */\n};\n\n”;
}
}
print “static unsigned char *page_uni2charset[256] = {“;
for ($high=0; $high<=255;$high++){
print “\n\t” if ($high%8 == 0);
if ($high>0 && defined $table{$code[$high]}){
print “page$code[$high], “;
}
else{
print “NULL, “;
}
}
print <
};
static unsigned char charset2upper[256] = {
0×00, 0×01, 0×02, 0×03, 0×04, 0×05, 0×06, 0×07, /* 0×00-0×07 */
0×08, 0×09, 0×0a, 0×0b, 0×0c, 0×0d, 0×0e, 0×0f, /* 0×08-0×0f */
0×10, 0×11, 0×12, 0×13, 0×14, 0×15, 0×16, 0×17, /* 0×10-0×17 */
0×18, 0×19, 0×1a, 0×1b, 0×1c, 0×1d, 0×1e, 0×1f, /* 0×18-0×1f */
0×20, 0×21, 0×22, 0×23, 0×24, 0×25, 0×26, 0×27, /* 0×20-0×27 */
0×28, 0×29, 0×2a, 0×2b, 0×2c, 0×2d, 0×2e, 0×2f, /* 0×28-0×2f */
0×30, 0×31, 0×32, 0×33, 0×34, 0×35, 0×36, 0×37, /* 0×30-0×37 */
0×38, 0×39, 0×3a, 0×3b, 0×3c, 0×3d, 0×3e, 0×3f, /* 0×38-0×3f */
0×40, 0×41, 0×42, 0×43, 0×44, 0×45, 0×46, 0×47, /* 0×40-0×47 */
0×48, 0×49, 0×4a, 0×4b, 0×4c, 0×4d, 0×4e, 0×4f, /* 0×48-0×4f */
0×50, 0×51, 0×52, 0×53, 0×54, 0×55, 0×56, 0×57, /* 0×50-0×57 */
0×58, 0×59, 0×5a, 0×5b, 0×5c, 0×5d, 0×5e, 0×5f, /* 0×58-0×5f */
0×60, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×60-0×67 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×68-0×6f */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×70-0×77 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×7b, 0×7c, 0×7d, 0×7e, 0×7f, /* 0×78-0×7f */
0×80, 0×81, 0×82, 0×83, 0×84, 0×85, 0×86, 0×87, /* 0×80-0×87 */
0×88, 0×89, 0×8a, 0×8b, 0×8c, 0×8d, 0×8e, 0×8f, /* 0×88-0×8f */
0×90, 0×91, 0×92, 0×93, 0×94, 0×95, 0×96, 0×97, /* 0×90-0×97 */
0×98, 0×99, 0×9a, 0×00, 0×9c, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×98-0×9f */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, /* 0xa0-0xa7 */
0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, /* 0xa8-0xaf */
0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, /* 0xb0-0xb7 */
0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, /* 0xb8-0xbf */
0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, /* 0xc0-0xc7 */
0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, /* 0xc8-0xcf */
0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0xd0-0xd7 */
0×00, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0×00, 0×00, 0xdf, /* 0xd8-0xdf */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0xe0-0xe7 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xef, /* 0xe8-0xef */
0xf0, 0xf1, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xf5, 0×00, 0xf7, /* 0xf0-0xf7 */
0xf8, 0xf9, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xfe, 0xff, /* 0xf8-0xff */
};
static void inc_use_count(void)
{
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
}
static void dec_use_count(void)
{
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
}
static struct nls_table table = {
“cp950″,
page_uni2charset,
charset2uni,
inc_use_count,
dec_use_count,
NULL
};
int init_nls_cp950(void)
{
return register_nls();
}
#ifdef MODULE
int init_module(void)
{
return init_nls_cp950();
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
unregister_nls();
return;
}
#endif
/*
* Overrides for Emacs so that we follow Linus’s tabbing style.
* Emacs will notice this stuff at the end of the file and automatically
* adjust the settings for this buffer only. This must remain at the end
* of the file.
*
—————————————————————————
* Local variables:
* c-indent-level: 8
* c-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
* c-brace-offset: -8
* c-argdecl-indent: 8
* c-label-offset: -8
* c-continued-statement-offset: 8
* c-continued-brace-offset: 0
* End:
*/
EOF
5.4 uni2gbk.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
@code = (
“00″, “01″, “02″, “03″, “04″, “05″, “06″, “07″,
“08″, “09″, “0A”, “0B”, “0C”, “0D”, “0E”, “0F”,
“10″, “11″, “12″, “13″, “14″, “15″, “16″, “17″,
“18″, “19″, “1A”, “1B”, “1C”, “1D”, “1E”, “1F”,
“20″, “21″, “22″, “23″, “24″, “25″, “26″, “27″,
“28″, “29″, “2A”, “2B”, “2C”, “2D”, “2E”, “2F”,
“30″, “31″, “32″, “33″, “34″, “35″, “36″, “37″,
“38″, “39″, “3A”, “3B”, “3C”, “3D”, “3E”, “3F”,
“40″, “41″, “42″, “43″, “44″, “45″, “46″, “47″,
“48″, “49″, “4A”, “4B”, “4C”, “4D”, “4E”, “4F”,
“50″, “51″, “52″, “53″, “54″, “55″, “56″, “57″,
“58″, “59″, “5A”, “5B”, “5C”, “5D”, “5E”, “5F”,
“60″, “61″, “62″, “63″, “64″, “65″, “66″, “67″,
“68″, “69″, “6A”, “6B”, “6C”, “6D”, “6E”, “6F”,
“70″, “71″, “72″, “73″, “74″, “75″, “76″, “77″,
“78″, “79″, “7A”, “7B”, “7C”, “7D”, “7E”, “7F”,
“80″, “81″, “82″, “83″, “84″, “85″, “86″, “87″,
“88″, “89″, “8A”, “8B”, “8C”, “8D”, “8E”, “8F”,
“90″, “91″, “92″, “93″, “94″, “95″, “96″, “97″,
“98″, “99″, “9A”, “9B”, “9C”, “9D”, “9E”, “9F”,
“A0″, “A1″, “A2″, “A3″, “A4″, “A5″, “A6″, “A7″,
“A8″, “A9″, “AA”, “AB”, “AC”, “AD”, “AE”, “AF”,
“B0″, “B1″, “B2″, “B3″, “B4″, “B5″, “B6″, “B7″,
“B8″, “B9″, “BA”, “BB”, “BC”, “BD”, “BE”, “BF”,
“C0″, “C1″, “C2″, “C3″, “C4″, “C5″, “C6″, “C7″,
“C8″, “C9″, “CA”, “CB”, “CC”, “CD”, “CE”, “CF”,
“D0″, “D1″, “D2″, “D3″, “D4″, “D5″, “D6″, “D7″,
“D8″, “D9″, “DA”, “DB”, “DC”, “DD”, “DE”, “DF”,
“E0″, “E1″, “E2″, “E3″, “E4″, “E5″, “E6″, “E7″,
“E8″, “E9″, “EA”, “EB”, “EC”, “ED”, “EE”, “EF”,
“F0″, “F1″, “F2″, “F3″, “F4″, “F5″, “F6″, “F7″,
“F8″, “F9″, “FA”, “FB”, “FC”, “FD”, “FE”, “FF”);
while (){
($unicode, $big5) = split;
($high, $low) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
$table2{$high}{$low} = $big5;
($high, $low) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
$table{$high}{$low} = $unicode;
}
print </*
* linux/fs/nls_cp936.c
*
* Charset cp936 translation tables.
* Generated automatically from the Unicode and charset
* tables from the Unicode Organization (www.unicode.org).
* The Unicode to charset table has only exact mappings.
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
/* 81 – FE*/
static struct nls_unicode charset2uni[(0xFE-0x81+1)*(0x100-0x40)] = {
EOF
for ($high=0×81; $high <= 0xFE; $high++){
for ($low=0×40; $low <= 0×7F; $low++){
$unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$unicode = “0000″ if (!(defined $unicode));
print “\n\t” if ($low%4 == 0);
print “/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t” if ($low%0×10 == 0);
($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, “, $ulow, $uhigh);
}
for ($low=0×80; $low <= 0xFF; $low++){
$unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$unicode = “0000″ if (!(defined $unicode));
print “\n\t” if ($low%4 == 0);
print “/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t” if ($low%0×10 == 0);
($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, “, $ulow, $uhigh);
}
}
print “\n};\n\n”;
for ($high=1; $high <= 255;$high++){
if (defined $table{$code[$high]}){
print “static unsigned char page$code[$high]\[512\] = {\n\t”;
for ($low=0; $low<=255;$low++){
$big5 = $table{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
$big5 = “3F3F” if (!(defined $big5));
if ($low > 0 && $low%4 == 0){
printf(“/* 0x%02X-0x%02X */\n\t”, $low-4, $low-1);
}
print “\n\t” if ($low == 0×80);
($bhigh, $blow) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
printf(“0x%2s, 0x%2s, “, $bhigh, $blow);
}
print “/* 0xFC-0xFF */\n};\n\n”;
}
}
print “static unsigned char *page_uni2charset[256] = {“;
for ($high=0; $high<=255;$high++){
print “\n\t” if ($high%8 == 0);
if ($high>0 && defined $table{$code[$high]}){
print “page$code[$high], “;
}
else{
print “NULL, “;
}
}
print <
};
static unsigned char charset2upper[256] = {
0×00, 0×01, 0×02, 0×03, 0×04, 0×05, 0×06, 0×07, /* 0×00-0×07 */
0×08, 0×09, 0×0a, 0×0b, 0×0c, 0×0d, 0×0e, 0×0f, /* 0×08-0×0f */
0×10, 0×11, 0×12, 0×13, 0×14, 0×15, 0×16, 0×17, /* 0×10-0×17 */
0×18, 0×19, 0×1a, 0×1b, 0×1c, 0×1d, 0×1e, 0×1f, /* 0×18-0×1f */
0×20, 0×21, 0×22, 0×23, 0×24, 0×25, 0×26, 0×27, /* 0×20-0×27 */
0×28, 0×29, 0×2a, 0×2b, 0×2c, 0×2d, 0×2e, 0×2f, /* 0×28-0×2f */
0×30, 0×31, 0×32, 0×33, 0×34, 0×35, 0×36, 0×37, /* 0×30-0×37 */
0×38, 0×39, 0×3a, 0×3b, 0×3c, 0×3d, 0×3e, 0×3f, /* 0×38-0×3f */
0×40, 0×41, 0×42, 0×43, 0×44, 0×45, 0×46, 0×47, /* 0×40-0×47 */
0×48, 0×49, 0×4a, 0×4b, 0×4c, 0×4d, 0×4e, 0×4f, /* 0×48-0×4f */
0×50, 0×51, 0×52, 0×53, 0×54, 0×55, 0×56, 0×57, /* 0×50-0×57 */
0×58, 0×59, 0×5a, 0×5b, 0×5c, 0×5d, 0×5e, 0×5f, /* 0×58-0×5f */
0×60, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×60-0×67 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×68-0×6f */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×70-0×77 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×7b, 0×7c, 0×7d, 0×7e, 0×7f, /* 0×78-0×7f */
0×80, 0×81, 0×82, 0×83, 0×84, 0×85, 0×86, 0×87, /* 0×80-0×87 */
0×88, 0×89, 0×8a, 0×8b, 0×8c, 0×8d, 0×8e, 0×8f, /* 0×88-0×8f */
0×90, 0×91, 0×92, 0×93, 0×94, 0×95, 0×96, 0×97, /* 0×90-0×97 */
0×98, 0×99, 0×9a, 0×00, 0×9c, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0×98-0×9f */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, /* 0xa0-0xa7 */
0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, /* 0xa8-0xaf */
0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, /* 0xb0-0xb7 */
0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, /* 0xb8-0xbf */
0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, /* 0xc0-0xc7 */
0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, /* 0xc8-0xcf */
0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0xd0-0xd7 */
0×00, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0×00, 0×00, 0xdf, /* 0xd8-0xdf */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, /* 0xe0-0xe7 */
0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xef, /* 0xe8-0xef */
0xf0, 0xf1, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xf5, 0×00, 0xf7, /* 0xf0-0xf7 */
0xf8, 0xf9, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0×00, 0xfe, 0xff, /* 0xf8-0xff */
};
static void inc_use_count(void)
{
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
}
static void dec_use_count(void)
{
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
}
static struct nls_table table = {
“cp936″,
page_uni2charset,
charset2uni,
inc_use_count,
dec_use_count,
NULL
};
int init_nls_cp936(void)
{
return register_nls();
}
#ifdef MODULE
int init_module(void)
{
return init_nls_cp936();
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
unregister_nls();
return;
}
#endif
/*
* Overrides for Emacs so that we follow Linus’s tabbing style.
* Emacs will notice this stuff at the end of the file and automatically
* adjust the settings for this buffer only. This must remain at the end
* of the file.
*
—————————————————————————
* Local variables:
* c-indent-level: 8
* c-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
* c-brace-offset: -8
* c-argdecl-indent: 8
* c-label-offset: -8
* c-continued-statement-offset: 8
* c-continued-brace-offset: 0
* End:
*/
EOF
5.5 转换CODEPAGE的工具
/*
* CPI.C: A program to examine MSDOS codepage files (*.cpi)
* and extract specific codepages.
* Compiles under Linux & DOS (using BC++ 3.1).
*
* Compile: gcc -o cpi cpi.c
* Call: codepage file.cpi [-a|-l|nnn]
*
* Author: Ahmed M. Naas (ahmed@oea.xs4all.nl)
* Many changes: aeb@cwi.nl [changed until it would handle all
* *.cpi files people have sent me; I have no documentation,
* so all this is experimental]
* Remains to do: DRDOS fonts.
*
* Copyright: Public domain.
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
int handle_codepage(int);
void handle_fontfile(void);
#define PACKED __attribute__ ((packed))
/* Use this (instead of the above) to compile under MSDOS */
/*#define PACKED */
struct {
unsigned char id[8] PACKED;
unsigned char res[8] PACKED;
unsigned short num_pointers PACKED;
unsigned char p_type PACKED;
unsigned long offset PACKED;
} FontFileHeader;
struct {
unsigned short num_codepages PACKED;
} FontInfoHeader;
struct {
unsigned short size PACKED;
unsigned long off_nexthdr PACKED;
unsigned short device_type PACKED; /* screen=1; printer=2 */
unsigned char device_name[8] PACKED;
unsigned short codepage PACKED;
unsigned char res[6] PACKED;
unsigned long off_font PACKED;
} CPEntryHeader;
struct {
unsigned short reserved PACKED;
unsigned short num_fonts PACKED;
unsigned short size PACKED;
} CPInfoHeader;
struct {
unsigned char height PACKED;
unsigned char width PACKED;
unsigned short reserved PACKED;
unsigned short num_chard PACKED;
} ScreenFontHeader;
struct {
unsigned short p1 PACKED;
unsigned short p2 PACKED;
} PrinterFontHeader;
FILE *in, *out;
void usage(void);
int opta, optc, optl, optL, optx;
extern int optind;
extern char *optarg;
unsigned short codepage;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 2)
usage();
if ((in = fopen(argv[1], “r”)) == NULL) {
printf(“\nUnable to open file %s.\n”, argv[1]);
exit(0);
}
opta = optc = optl = optL = optx = 0;
optind = 2;
if (argc == 2)
optl = 1;
else
while(1) {
switch(getopt(argc, argv, “alLc”)) {
case ‘a’:
opta = 1;
continue;
case ‘c’:
optc = 1;
continue;
case ‘L’:
optL = 1;
continue;
case ‘l’:
optl = 1;
continue;
case ‘?’:
default:
usage();
case -1:
break;
}
break;
}
if (optind != argc) {
if (optind != argc-1 || opta)
usage();
codepage = atoi(argv[optind]);
optx = 1;
}
if (optc)
handle_codepage(0);
else
handle_fontfile();
if (optx) {
printf(“no page %d found\n”, codepage);
exit(1);
}
fclose(in);
return (0);
}
void
handle_fontfile(){
int i, j;
j = fread(, 1, sizeof(FontFileHeader), in);
if (j != sizeof(FontFileHeader)) {
printf(“error reading FontFileHeader – got %d chars\n”, j);
exit (1);
}
if (!strcmp(FontFileHeader.id + 1, “DRFONT “)) {
printf(“this program cannot handle DRDOS font files\n”);
exit(1);
}
if (optL)
printf(“FontFileHeader: id=%8.8s res=%8.8s num=%d typ=%c offset=%ld\n\n”,
FontFileHeader.id, FontFileHeader.res,
FontFileHeader.num_pointers,
FontFileHeader.p_type,
FontFileHeader.offset);
j = fread(, 1, sizeof(FontInfoHeader), in);
if (j != sizeof(FontInfoHeader)) {
printf(“error reading FontInfoHeader – got %d chars\n”, j);
exit (1);
}
if (optL)
printf(“FontInfoHeader: num_codepages=%d\n\n”,
FontInfoHeader.num_codepages);
for (i = FontInfoHeader.num_codepages; i; i–)
if (handle_codepage(i-1))
break;
}
int
handle_codepage(int more_to_come) {
int j;
char outfile[20];
unsigned char *fonts;
long inpos, nexthdr;
j = fread(, 1, sizeof(CPEntryHeader), in);
if (j != sizeof(CPEntryHeader)) {
printf(“error reading CPEntryHeader – got %d chars\n”, j);
exit(1);
}
if (optL) {
int t = CPEntryHeader.device_type;
printf(“CPEntryHeader: size=%d dev=%d [%s] name=%8.8s \
codepage=%d\n\t\tres=%6.6s nxt=%ld off_font=%ld\n\n”,
CPEntryHeader.size,
t, (t==1) ? “screen” : (t==2) ? “printer” : “?”,
CPEntryHeader.device_name,
CPEntryHeader.codepage,
CPEntryHeader.res,
CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr, CPEntryHeader.off_font);
} else if (optl) {
printf(“\nCodepage = %d\n”, CPEntryHeader.codepage);
printf(“Device = %.8s\n”, CPEntryHeader.device_name);
}
#if 0
if (CPEntryHeader.size != sizeof(CPEntryHeader)) {
/* seen 26 and 28, so that the difference below is -2 or 0 */
if (optl)
printf(“Skipping %d bytes of garbage\n”,
CPEntryHeader.size – sizeof(CPEntryHeader));
fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.size – sizeof(CPEntryHeader),
SEEK_CUR);
}
#endif
if (!opta && (!optx || CPEntryHeader.codepage != codepage) && !optc)
goto next;
inpos = ftell(in);
if (inpos != CPEntryHeader.off_font && !optc) {
if (optL)
printf(“pos=%ld font at %ld\n”, inpos, CPEntryHeader.off_font);
fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.off_font, SEEK_SET);
}
j = fread(, 1, sizeof(CPInfoHeader), in);
if (j != sizeof(CPInfoHeader)) {
printf(“error reading CPInfoHeader – got %d chars\n”, j);
exit(1);
}
if (optl) {
printf(“Number of Fonts = %d\n”, CPInfoHeader.num_fonts);
printf(“Size of Bitmap = %d\n”, CPInfoHeader.size);
}
if (CPInfoHeader.num_fonts == 0)
goto next;
if (optc)
return 0;
sprintf(outfile, “%d.cp”, CPEntryHeader.codepage);
if ((out = fopen(outfile, “w”)) == NULL) {
printf(“\nUnable to open file %s.\n”, outfile);
exit(1);
} else printf(“\nWriting %s\n”, outfile);
fonts = (unsigned char *) malloc(CPInfoHeader.size);
fread(fonts, CPInfoHeader.size, 1, in);
fwrite(, sizeof(CPEntryHeader), 1, out);
fwrite(, sizeof(CPInfoHeader), 1, out);
j = fwrite(fonts, 1, CPInfoHeader.size, out);
if (j != CPInfoHeader.size) {
printf(“error writing %s – wrote %d chars\n”, outfile, j);
exit(1);
}
fclose(out);
free(fonts);
if (optx) exit(0);
next:
/*
* It seems that if entry headers and fonts are interspersed,
* then nexthdr will point past the font, regardless of
* whether more entries follow.
* Otherwise, first all entry headers are given, and then
* all fonts; in this case nexthdr will be 0 in the last entry.
*/
nexthdr = CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr;
if (nexthdr == 0 || nexthdr == -1) {
if (more_to_come) {
printf(“mode codepages expected, but nexthdr=%ld\n”,
nexthdr);
exit(1);
} else
return 1;
}
inpos = ftell(in);
if (inpos != CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr) {
if (optL)
printf(“pos=%ld nexthdr at %ld\n”, inpos, nexthdr);
if (opta && !more_to_come) {
printf(“no more code pages, but nexthdr != 0\n”);
return 1;
}
fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr, SEEK_SET);
}
return 0;
}
void usage(void)
{
printf(“\nUsage: cpi code_page_file [-c] [-L] [-l] [-a|nnn]\n”);
printf(” -c: input file is a single codepage\n”);
printf(” -L: print header info (you don’t want to see this)\n”);
printf(” -l or no option: list all codepages contained in the file\n”);
printf(” -a: extract all codepages from the file\n”);
printf(” nnn (3 digits): extract codepage nnn from the file\n”);
printf(“Example: cpi ega.cpi 850 \n”);
printf(” will create a file 850.cp containing the requested codepage.\n\n”);
exit(1);
}
CodePage用法指南(1)
2005年10月27日这几天研究UTF-8编码,太晕了,把我的看法和各位讨论讨论。
没有评论 »
发表在后端技术
欢迎来批啊。以下都是我的想法,哪里有不对的请不吝赐教,帮忙指出来。
==========================================================
相关的题外话:
一、操作系统……这几天研究UTF-8编码,太晕了,把我的看法和各位讨论讨论。
欢迎来批啊。以下都是我的想法,哪里有不对的请不吝赐教,帮忙指出来。
==========================================================
相关的题外话:
一、操作系统
window系统内部都是unicode的。文件夹名,文件名等都是unicode的,任何语言系统下都能正常显示。
二、输入法:
微软拼音输出的是Unicode的,智能ABC输出是简体中文的(所以智能ABC在非简体中文系统根本不能用,只能打英文)。
三、网页的textarea
网页的textarea是用unicode显示的。所以往里打什么字都能显示。而一些flash做的输入框就不行了。
四、Access2000
access里面保存的数据是unicode的,在任何语言系统下都能显示。
如果数据视图查看有些字符不正常,那是因为显示所用的字体不是Unicode字体,
换用Arial Unicode MS 字体就能全部显示了。(access帮助,搜索,输入unicode,有说明)
五、Word
word里的繁简转换,简体转换到繁体后,内码仍是简体中文的,其实只是简体中的繁体字。
六、ASP内部是Unicode的,所有文本都是Unicode存储的。需要时转换到指定字符集。
=======================================================
首先说下结论:
<%@ codepage=936%>简体中文
<%@ codepage=950%>繁体中文
<%@ codepage=65001%>UTF-8
codepage指定了IIS按什么编码读取传递过来的串串(表单提交,地址栏传递等)。
也指定了所有文本变量从Unicode转换到的编码,
也就指定了从数据库取出的数据从Unicode转换到的编码。(注意这个,很重要。)
关键字:
读取:一个串串,按简体读取是一些字,按繁体读取是一些字,串串本身编码没有变。
转换:系统主动的转换,比如从Unicode的“化”字到Big5的“化”字,内码变成Big5的。如果Big5没有对应的字,保留Unicode形式(xxx;)
简体中文:化六个结论
Unicode16进制形式:化六个结论
Unicode10进制形式:化六个结论
下面是我推测出来的编码转换的过程:
客户端:输入法Unicode–输入框unicode–从Unicode按charset转换到对应编码()–表单发送编码
服务器端:IIS解开表单编码–按codepage指定编码读取–转换到对应的Unicode–可以用request(“”)读取了–进行一些处理–以Unicode编码保存到数据库
服务器端:读取数据库的Unicode数据,转换到codepage指定编码—生成源代码–IE按charset读取显示。
下面举例说明:
例一:
假设有三个asp页面,典型的留言页面:
1. write.asp 简单的输入表单,提交到add.asp。
2. add.asp 接收留言,保存到数据库
<%@ codepage=936%>
3. read.asp 从数据库取得留言,显示。
<%@ codepage=936%> charset=GB2312 或
<%@ codepage=950%> charset=big5
大家可以猜一猜,我在write.asp里用微软拼音输入法输入“化六个讨论”。最后在read.asp里会显示什么样?
是不是晕了。让我们从头分析。


